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Science 28 October 1988:
Vol. 242. no. 4878, pp. 540 - 546
DOI: 10.1126/science.3140380

Articles

Science, Vol 242, Issue 4878, 540-546
Copyright © 1988 by American Association for the Advancement of Science


articles

I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor

PA Baeuerle and D Baltimore

Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, MA 02142.

In cells that do not express immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes, the kappa enhancer binding protein NF-kappa B is found in cytosolic fractions and exhibits DNA binding activity only in the presence of a dissociating agent such as sodium deoxycholate. The dependence on deoxycholate is shown to result from association of NF-kappa B with a 60- to 70-kilodalton inhibitory protein (I kappa B). The fractionated inhibitor can inactivate NF-kappa B from various sources--including the nuclei of phorbol ester-treated cells--in a specific, saturable, and reversible manner. The cytoplasmic localization of the complex of NF-kappa B and I kappa B was supported by enucleation experiments. An active phorbol ester must therefore, presumably by activation of protein kinase C, cause dissociation of a cytoplasmic complex of NF-kappa B and I kappa B by modifying I kappa B. this releases active NF-kappa B which can translocate into the nucleus to activate target enhancers. The data show the existence of a phorbol ester-responsive regulatory protein that acts by controlling the DNA binding activity and subcellular localization of a transcription factor.


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J. Biol. Chem. 278, 38188-38193
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Hepatitis C Virus and HIV Envelope Proteins Collaboratively Mediate Interleukin-8 Secretion through Activation of p38 MAP Kinase and SHP2 in Hepatocytes.
A. Balasubramanian, R. K. Ganju, and J. E. Groopman (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 35755-35766
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Recombinant TCR Ligand Induces Early TCR Signaling and a Unique Pattern of Downstream Activation.
C. Wang, J. L. Mooney, R. Meza-Romero, Y. K. Chou, J. Huan, A. A. Vandenbark, H. Offner, and G. G. Burrows (2003)
J. Immunol. 171, 1934-1940
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NF-{kappa}B Inhibits Gammaherpesvirus Lytic Replication.
H. J. Brown, M. J. Song, H. Deng, T.-T. Wu, G. Cheng, and R. Sun (2003)
J. Virol. 77, 8532-8540
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Mediates Angiogenesis and Metastasis of Human Bladder Cancer through the Regulation of Interleukin-8.
T. Karashima, P. Sweeney, A. Kamat, S. Huang, S. J. Kim, M. Bar-Eli, D. J. McConkey, and C. P. N. Dinney (2003)
Clin. Cancer Res. 9, 2786-2797
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Yin Yang 1 Is a Lipopolysaccharide-Inducible Activator of the Murine 3' Igh Enhancer, hs3.
S. J. Gordon, S. Saleque, and B. K. Birshtein (2003)
J. Immunol. 170, 5549-5557
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
In Vivo Identification of Inducible Phosphoacceptors in the IKK{gamma}/NEMO Subunit of Human I{kappa}B Kinase.
R. S. Carter, K. N. Pennington, B. J. Ungurait, and D. W. Ballard (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 19642-19648
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Two Distinct Phases of Virus-induced Nuclear Factor kappa B Regulation Enhance Tumor Necrosis Factor-related Apoptosis-inducing Ligand-mediated Apoptosis in Virus-infected Cells.
P. Clarke, S. M. Meintzer, L. A. Moffitt, and K. L. Tyler (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 18092-18100
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Diminished Heme Oxygenase Potentiates Cell Death: Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate Mediates Oxidative Stress.
L. Malaguarnera, S. Quan, M. R. Pilastro, N. G. Abraham, and A. Kappas (2003)
Experimental Biology and Medicine 228, 459-465
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Aspirin inhibits Chlamydia pneumoniae-induced NF-{kappa}B activation, cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 synthesis and attenuates chlamydial growth.
H. Yoneda, K. Miura, H. Matsushima, K. Sugi, T. Murakami, K. Ouchi, K. Yamashita, H. Itoh, T. Nakazawa, M. Suzuki, et al. (2003)
J. Med. Microbiol. 52, 409-415
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Involvement of protein tyrosine kinase in Toll-like receptor 4-mediated NF-kappa B activation in human peripheral blood monocytes.
L.-Y. Chen, B. L. Zuraw, M. Zhao, F.-T. Liu, S. Huang, and Z. K. Pan (2003)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284, L607-L613
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Microtubule Disruption Utilizes an NFkappa B-dependent Pathway to Stabilize HIF-1alpha Protein.
Y.-J. Jung, J. S. Isaacs, S. Lee, J. Trepel, and L. Neckers (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 7445-7452
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Down-regulation of Hydrogen Peroxide-induced PKCdelta Activation in N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase III-transfected HeLaS3 Cells.
Y. Shibukawa, M. Takahashi, I. Laffont, K. Honke, and N. Taniguchi (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 3197-3203
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
p105{middle dot}Ikappa Bgamma and Prototypical Ikappa Bs Use a Similar Mechanism to Bind but a Different Mechanism to Regulate the Subcellular Localization of NF-kappa B.
A. K. Moorthy and G. Ghosh (2003)
J. Biol. Chem. 278, 556-566
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
NF-kappa B inhibition by omega -3 fatty acids modulates LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-alpha transcription.
T. E. Novak, T. A. Babcock, D. H. Jho, W. S. Helton, and N. J. Espat (2003)
Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 284, L84-L89
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Regulation of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B by Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Mouse Thymocytes.
J. Zhao and K. P. Karalis (2002)
Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 2561-2570
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
IKKbeta Is Required for Bcl-2-mediated NF-kappa B Activation in Ventricular Myocytes.
K. M. Regula, K. Ens, and L. A. Kirshenbaum (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 38676-38682
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Fc{gamma}R cross-linking mediates NF-{kappa}B activation, reduced antigen presentation capacity, and decreased IL-12 production in monocytes without modulation of myeloid dendritic cell development.
Y. Drechsler, S. Chavan, D. Catalano, P. Mandrekar, and G. Szabo (2002)
J. Leukoc. Biol. 72, 657-667
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Low Intracellular Zinc Impairs the Translocation of Activated NF-kappa B to the Nuclei in Human Neuroblastoma IMR-32 Cells.
G. G. Mackenzie, M. P. Zago, C. L. Keen, and P. I. Oteiza (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 34610-34617
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heat Shock Protein 70 Is a Potential Virulence Factor in Murine Toxoplasma Infection Via Immunomodulation of Host NF-{kappa}B and Nitric Oxide.
C. A. Dobbin, N. C. Smith, and A. M. Johnson (2002)
J. Immunol. 169, 958-965
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Carnosol, an antioxidant in rosemary, suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase through down-regulating nuclear factor-{kappa}B in mouse macrophages.
A.-H. Lo, Y.-C. Liang, S.-Y. Lin-Shiau, C.-T. Ho, and J.-K. Lin (2002)
Carcinogenesis 23, 983-991
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation and Regulation of Cyclooxygenase Type-2 Expression in Human Amnion Mesenchymal Cells by Interleukin-1{beta}.
X. Yan, C. Wu Xiao, M. Sun, B. K. Tsang, and W. Gibb (2002)
Biol Reprod 66, 1667-1671
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Heme Oxygenase-1-derived Carbon Monoxide Requires the Activation of Transcription Factor NF-kappa B to Protect Endothelial Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha -mediated Apoptosis.
S. Brouard, P. O. Berberat, E. Tobiasch, M. P. Seldon, F. H. Bach, and M. P. Soares (2002)
J. Biol. Chem. 277, 17950-17961
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
DNA Binding-Independent Induction of I{kappa}B{alpha} Gene Transcription by PPAR{alpha}.
P. Delerive, K. De Bosscher, W. Vanden Berghe, J.-C. Fruchart, G. Haegeman, and B. Staels (2002)
Mol. Endocrinol. 16, 1029-1039
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
Contrasting the Roles of Costimulation and the Natural Adjuvant Lipopolysaccharide During the Induction of T Cell Immunity.
J. R. Maxwell, C. Ruby, N. I. Kerkvliet, and A. T. Vella (2002)
J. Immunol. 168, 4372-4381
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »
MDM2 induces NF-kappa B/p65 expression transcriptionally through Sp1-binding sites: a novel, p53-independent role of MDM2 in doxorubicin resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
L. Gu, H. W. Findley, and M. Zhou (2002)
Blood 99, 3367-3375
   Abstract »    Full Text »    PDF »



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