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Science 24 October 1997:
Vol. 278. no. 5338, pp. 609 - 614
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5338.609
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Articles

Gene Families: The Taxonomy of Protein Paralogs and Chimeras

Steven Henikoff, * Elizabeth A. Greene, Shmuel Pietrokovski, Peer Bork, Teresa K. Attwood, Leroy Hood

Ancient duplications and rearrangements of protein-coding segments have resulted in complex gene family relationships. Duplications can be tandem or dispersed and can involve entire coding regions or modules that correspond to folded protein domains. As a result, gene products may acquire new specificities, altered recognition properties, or modified functions. Extreme proliferation of some families within an organism, perhaps at the expense of other families, may correspond to functional innovations during evolution. The underlying processes are still at work, and the large fraction of human and other genomes consisting of transposable elements may be a manifestation of the evolutionary benefits of genomic flexibility.

S. Henikoff is at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. E. A. Greene and S. Pietrokovski are at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA. P. Bork is at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69012 Heidelberg, Germany, and Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13122 Berlin-Buch, Germany. T. K. Attwood is in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. L. Hood is in the Department of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
*   To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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