Genetics of Behavior

From Genes to Social Behavior

Barbara R. Jasny, Katrina L. Kelner, and Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 7 November 2008: 891.
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News

Parsing the Genetics of Behavior

Constance Holden
Science 7 November 2008: 892-895.
Summary: It takes more than one gene, or even a few genes, to make a personality trait. But which ones? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Wanted: Math Gene

Constance Holden
Science 7 November 2008: 894.
Summary: Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Perspectives

Searching for Genes Underlying Behavior: Lessons from Circadian Rhythms

Joseph S. Takahashi, Kazuhiro Shimomura, and Vivek Kumar
Science 7 November 2008: 909-912.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Biology, Politics, and the Emerging Science of Human Nature

James H. Fowler and Darren Schreiber
Science 7 November 2008: 912-914.
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Reviews

Genes and Social Behavior

Gene E. Robinson, Russell D. Fernald, and David F. Clayton
Science 7 November 2008: 896-900.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

Oxytocin, Vasopressin, and the Neurogenetics of Sociality

Zoe R. Donaldson and Larry J. Young
Science 7 November 2008: 900-904.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Wired for Sex: The Neurobiology of Drosophila Mating Decisions

Barry J. Dickson
Science 7 November 2008: 904-909.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

This Week in Science

Editor summaries of this week's papers.
Science 7 November 2008: 817.
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Editorial:
The "Neuro" in Neurogenetics

Story Landis and Thomas R. Insel
Science 7 November 2008: 821.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Editors' Choice

Highlights of the recent literature.
Science 7 November 2008: 823.
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Gordon Research Conferences

Science 7 November 2008: 974.
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Science Podcast

Science 7 November 2008: 978.
Summary: The 7 November 2008 show includes genes and social behavior, switching memories on and off, chromosome 17 and mental disorders, and more. Full Text »|   Transcript »|  

NEW PRODUCTS

Science 7 November 2008: 978.
Summary »|  

News of the Week

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH: Zerhouni's Parting Message: Make Room for Young Scientists

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 7 November 2008: 834-835.
Summary: Last week on his final day as director of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, Elias Zerhouni formalized his policy that since 2007 had set a floor--a numerical quota--for the number of awards made to new investigators. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Rules for Ocean Fertilization Could Repel Companies

Eli Kintisch
Science 7 November 2008: 835.
Summary: An international body has for the first time placed restrictions on experiments designed to fertilize large swaths of the world's oceans with a view to combating global warming. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CLIMATE CHANGE: Chinese Cave Speaks of a Fickle Sun Bringing Down Ancient Dynasties

Richard A. Kerr
Science 7 November 2008: 837-838.
Summary: A 1.2-meter-long chunk of stalagmite from a cave in northern China recorded the waning of Asian monsoon rains that helped bring down the Tang dynasty in 907 C.E., researchers report on page 940 of this week's issue of Science. A possible culprit, they conclude: a temporary weakening of the sun, which also seems to have contributed to the collapse of Maya civilization in Mesoamerica and the advance of glaciers in the Alps. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PERSONAL GENOMICS: Number of Sequenced Human Genomes Doubles

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 7 November 2008: 838.
Summary: This week, three reports describe the first African, the first Asian, and the first cancer patient to have their entire DNA deciphered. The sequences provide clues about genome variation and disease; they also demonstrate the potential of a relatively new sequencing technique to mass-produce human genomes. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PERSONAL GENOMICS: The Touchy Subject of 'Race'

Constance Holden
Science 7 November 2008: 839.
Summary: At a meeting last week, about 40 scientists and ethicists debated how to present the torrent of new findings from gene sequencing studies to the public without using the "fraught" terminology of race. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

FOUNDATIONS: Economic Woes Threaten to Deflate Plans for 2009

Jennifer Couzin
Science 7 November 2008: 841.
Summary: How the stock market turmoil, a credit crunch, and a recession will affect scientific research is an urgent question. Among the first to feel the slowdown are charitable foundations and other philanthropies, which provide billions of dollars in funding to scientists each year. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

ScienceScope

Science 7 November 2008: 837.
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Random Samples

Science 7 November 2008: 831.
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Newsmakers

Science 7 November 2008: 833.
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News Focus

GENETICS: 17q21.31: Not Your Average Genomic Address

Elizabeth Pennisi
Science 7 November 2008: 842-845.
Summary: This region of chromosome 17 has had a storied history, with changes in its DNA of import to human evolution and disease. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

NEUROTECHNOLOGY: Engineering a Fix for Broken Nervous Systems

Greg Miller
Science 7 November 2008: 847.
Summary: A recent meeting on neural prosthetics provided an update on progress and some interesting digressions. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH: The Graying of NIH Research

Jocelyn Kaiser
Science 7 November 2008: 848-849.
Summary: Many scientists who got their first grant in the 1950s or 1960s are still going strong. How do they view affirmative action for first-time grantees? Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Letters

 Epigenomics: A Roadmap to Chromatin

Steven Henikoff, Brian D. Strahl, and Peter E. Warburton
Science 7 November 2008: 853.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Bacteria by the Book

Edward Tabor; and Louis B. Rice
Science 7 November 2008: 853-854.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Environmental Agencies: Lessons Learned

C. Kenneth Dodd Jr.;, D. James Baker, Mark Schaefer, Charles F. Kennel, John H. Gibbons, Charles G. Groat, Donald Kennedy, and David Rejeski
Science 7 November 2008: 854-856.
Full Text »|   PDF »|  

 Homing In on a SIDS Model

Warren G. Guntheroth;, Cornelius Gross, and Enrica Audero
Science 7 November 2008: 856-857.
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Books et al.

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The Great American Pantheist

Jared Farmer
Science 7 November 2008: 859-860.
Summary: Drawing on Muir's private correspondence, Worster offers a detailed, scholarly account of his subject's experiences, friendships, and foundational role in the American conservationist movement. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The Kingdom of Plants

John C. Waller
Science 7 November 2008: 860.
Summary: Placing the life and work of the botanist Joseph Hooker in the context of his time, Endersby considers such aspects as the transition from amateurs to professionals, empire, and the philosophical practices of 19th-century science. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Books Received

Science 7 November 2008: 860.
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Essays on Science and Society

EPPENDORF WINNER: Switching Memories ON and OFF

Mauro Costa-Mattioli
Science 7 November 2008: 874-875.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Podcast Interview »|  

EPPENDORF WINNER: 2008 Grand Prize Winner

Science 7 November 2008: 875.
Summary »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Policy Forum

GENETICS: The Human Variome Project

Richard G. H. Cotton, Arleen D. Auerbach, Myles Axton, Carol Isaacson Barash, Samuel F. Berkovic, Anthony J. Brookes, John Burn, Garry Cutting, Johan T. den Dunnen, Paul Flicek, Nelson Freimer, Marc S. Greenblatt, Heather J. Howard, Michael Katz, Finlay A. Macrae, Donna Maglott, Gabriela Möslein, Sue Povey, Rajkumar S. Ramesar, Carolyn S. Richards, Daniela Seminara, Timothy D. Smith, María-Jesús Sobrido, Jan Helge Solbakk, Rudolph E. Tanzi, Sean V. Tavtigian, Graham R. Taylor, Joji Utsunomiya, and Michael Watson
Science 7 November 2008: 861-862.
Summary: An ambitious plan to collect, curate, and make accessible information on genetic variations affecting human health is beginning to be realized. Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Perspectives

BIOCHEMISTRY: Getting Close to Termination

Anders Liljas
Science 7 November 2008: 863-865.
Summary: The action of release factors on ribosomes has now been clarified by crystallography. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

PHYSIOLOGY: Burn Fat, Live Longer

Ting Xie
Science 7 November 2008: 865-866.
Summary: Endocrine signals from germline stem cells control fat metabolism in the worm, thus affecting the animal's life span. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

GEOPHYSICS: Reconstructing Earth History in Three Dimensions

Bernhard Steinberger
Science 7 November 2008: 866-868.
Summary: An inverse model elucidates the connection between plate tectonics at Earth's surface and the dynamics of the underlying mantle. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

APPLIED PHYSICS: Plasmonics Applied

Albert Polman
Science 7 November 2008: 868-869.
Summary: Surface plasmons, light-induced excitations of electrons on metal surfaces, may provide integration of electronics and optics on the nanoscale. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

NEUROSCIENCE: Overcoming Inhibitions

Woo-Yang Kim and William D. Snider
Science 7 November 2008: 869-872.
Summary: Two reasons why injured neurons of the central nervous system fail to regenerate are inhibition by myelin proteins and a signaling pathway that blocks axon growth. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

CELL BIOLOGY: Going Global on Ubiquitin

Caroline Grabbe and Ivan Dikic
Science 7 November 2008: 872-873.
Summary: A new technique that profiles protein stability provides a powerful platform in which high-throughput screening can be performed in real time with single-cell resolution. Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Reviews

Consciousness and Anesthesia

Michael T. Alkire, Anthony G. Hudetz, and Giulio Tononi
Science 7 November 2008: 876-880.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|  

Genetic Mapping in Human Disease

David Altshuler, Mark J. Daly, and Eric S. Lander
Science 7 November 2008: 881-888.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Brevia

Bioactive Contaminants Leach from Disposable Laboratory Plasticware

G. Reid McDonald, Alan L. Hudson, Susan M. J. Dunn, Haitao You, Glen B. Baker, Randy M. Whittal, Jonathan W. Martin, Amitabh Jha, Dale E. Edmondson, and Andrew Holt
Science 7 November 2008: 917.
A lipid molecule and a quaternary ammonium biocide that are used in making plastic labware can contaminate common enzyme and binding assays, altering the results. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Research Articles

Global Protein Stability Profiling in Mammalian Cells

Hsueh-Chi Sherry Yen, Qikai Xu, Danny M. Chou, Zhenming Zhao, and Stephen J. Elledge
Science 7 November 2008: 918-923.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Identification of SCF Ubiquitin Ligase Substrates by Global Protein Stability Profiling

Hsueh-Chi Sherry Yen and Stephen J. Elledge
Science 7 November 2008: 923-929.
A method that determines the half lives of all cellular proteins has been used to identify targets of a ubiquitin ligase, which controls the cell cycle through protein degradation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reports

Slow Electron Cooling in Colloidal Quantum Dots

Anshu Pandey and Philippe Guyot-Sionnest
Science 7 November 2008: 929-932.
The lifetime of excited states of electron-hole pairs in CdSe quantum dots can be extended to nanosecond time scales with an electron-insulating ZnSe coating. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reaction-Driven Restructuring of Rh-Pd and Pt-Pd Core-Shell Nanoparticles

Feng Tao, Michael E. Grass, Yawen Zhang, Derek R. Butcher, James R. Renzas, Zhi Liu, Jen Y. Chung, Bongjin S. Mun, Miquel Salmeron, and Gabor A. Somorjai
Science 7 November 2008: 932-934.
Published online 9 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164170] (in Science Express Reports)
Reducing or oxidizing conditions segregates rhenium or palladium at the surface of Rh-Pd (but not Pt-Pd) nanoparticles, facilitating the tuning of their catalytic properties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Reconstructing Farallon Plate Subduction Beneath North America Back to the Late Cretaceous

Lijun Liu, Sonja Spasojevic, and Michael Gurnis
Science 7 November 2008: 934-938.
An inverse model, using seismic images of today's mantle and sediment thicknesses through time, tracks 100 million years of mantle flow beneath western North America. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Lack of Exposed Ice Inside Lunar South Pole Shackleton Crater

Junichi Haruyama, Makiko Ohtake, Tsuneo Matsunaga, Tomokatsu Morota, Chikatoshi Honda, Yasuhiro Yokota, Carle M. Pieters, Seiichi Hara, Kazuyuki Hioki, Kazuto Saiki, Hideaki Miyamoto, Akira Iwasaki, Masanao Abe, Yoshiko Ogawa, Hiroshi Takeda, Motomaro Shirao, Atsushi Yamaji, and Jean-Luc Josset
Science 7 November 2008: 938-939.
Published online 23 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164020] (in Science Express Reports)
A view into the permanently shaded Shackleton crater from the SELENE (KAGUYA) spacecraft now orbiting the Moon shows that it lacks large visible water-ice deposits. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

A Test of Climate, Sun, and Culture Relationships from an 1810-Year Chinese Cave Record

Pingzhong Zhang, Hai Cheng, R. Lawrence Edwards, Fahu Chen, Yongjin Wang, Xunlin Yang, Jian Liu, Ming Tan, Xianfeng Wang, Jinghua Liu, Chunlei An, Zhibo Dai, Jing Zhou, Dezhong Zhang, Jihong Jia, Liya Jin, and Kathleen R. Johnson
Science 7 November 2008: 940-942.
An 1800-year-long record of the Asian Monsoon from a Chinese stalagmite shows that its strength waned, causing drought, during the end of three prominent dynasties. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Recycling of Graphite During Himalayan Erosion: A Geological Stabilization of Carbon in the Crust

Valier Galy, Olivier Beyssac, Christian France-Lanord, and Timothy Eglinton
Science 7 November 2008: 943-945.
Radiocarbon dates on Himalayan sediments show that graphite is preserved, whereas other carbon is oxidized, and that metamorphism stabilizes carbon over geologic time. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generated Without Viral Integration

Matthias Stadtfeld, Masaki Nagaya, Jochen Utikal, Gordon Weir, and Konrad Hochedlinger
Science 7 November 2008: 945-949.
Published online 25 September 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1162494] (in Science Express Reports)
Transient exposure of mouse fibroblast and liver cells to adenovirus vectors carrying factors that induce pluripotency generates stem cells without viral elements in the genome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Generation of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Viral Vectors

Keisuke Okita, Masato Nakagawa, Hong Hyenjong, Tomoko Ichisaka, and Shinya Yamanaka
Science 7 November 2008: 949-953.
Published online 9 October 2008 [DOI: 10.1126/science.1164270] (in Science Express Reports)
Pluripotent cells can be created by introducing transcription factor genes into mouse embryonic fibroblasts on a plasmid that does not integrate into the genome. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Insights into Translational Termination from the Structure of RF2 Bound to the Ribosome

Albert Weixlbaumer, Hong Jin, Cajetan Neubauer, Rebecca M. Voorhees, Sabine Petry, Ann C. Kelley, and Venki Ramakrishnan
Science 7 November 2008: 953-956.
The structure of a release factor bound to an RNA stop codon shows which amino acids form the binding site for U in the first position, A or G in the second, and U in the third. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Fat Metabolism Links Germline Stem Cells and Longevity in C. elegans

Meng C. Wang, Eyleen J. O'Rourke, and Gary Ruvkun
Science 7 November 2008: 957-960.
Longevity in C. elegans resulting from quiescent germline stem cells or reduced insulin signaling is caused by induction of a lipase gene that promotes fat mobilization. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Spontaneous Changes of Neocortical Code for Associative Memory During Consolidation

Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi and Bruce L. McNaughton
Science 7 November 2008: 960-963.
Memory-specific firing patterns appear in the medial prefrontal cortex when it becomes essential for memory recall, supporting a role for this region in memory consolidation. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway

Kevin Kyungsuk Park, Kai Liu, Yang Hu, Patrice D. Smith, Chen Wang, Bin Cai, Bengang Xu, Lauren Connolly, Ioannis Kramvis, Mustafa Sahin, and Zhigang He
Science 7 November 2008: 963-966.
Reactivation of a key growth control pathway by experimentally deleting an inhibitor can overcome the inability of severed mouse retinal ganglion cells to regenerate. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

PirB is a Functional Receptor for Myelin Inhibitors of Axonal Regeneration

Jasvinder K. Atwal, Julie Pinkston-Gosse, Josh Syken, Scott Stawicki, Yan Wu, Carla Shatz, and Marc Tessier-Lavigne
Science 7 November 2008: 967-970.
Proteins embedded in the myelin wrappings of axons inhibit regeneration of injured nerves, in part, by binding to an immunoglobulin-like receptor on growth cones. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

"Who" Is Saying "What"? Brain-Based Decoding of Human Voice and Speech

Elia Formisano, Federico De Martino, Milene Bonte, and Rainer Goebel
Science 7 November 2008: 970-973.
Distinct patterns of activity elicited in auditory cortex by different vowels and different speakers allows independent identification of who is speaking and what they are saying. Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Technical Comments

Comment on "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Mitochondria from Ancient Hair Shafts"

Regis Debruyne, Carsten Schwarz, and Hendrik Poinar
Science 7 November 2008: 857.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|   Supporting Online Material »|  

Response to Comment on "Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing of Mitochondria from Ancient Hair Shafts"

M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Webb Miller, and Stephan C. Schuster
Science 7 November 2008: 857.
Abstract »|   Full Text »|   PDF »|